Biohacking Supplements: How Brands Can Meet Consumer Demand for Health Optimization

June 24, 2026 |

As consumers increasingly seek ways to optimize energy, cognition, recovery, sleep, metabolism, and longevity, biohacking has emerged as one of the most influential trends shaping the supplement industry.

At a Glance

  • Biohacking has evolved into a mainstream wellness movement focused on optimization rather than disease management.
  • Consumers increasingly seek supplements that support measurable outcomes such as energy, focus, recovery, sleep quality, and healthy aging.
  • Wearable technology and personalized health data are influencing supplement purchasing decisions.
  • Longevity and preventative wellness continue to drive innovation across multiple categories.
  • Clinically supported ingredients, transparent labeling, and premium positioning resonate strongly with biohacking consumers.
  • Supplement brands can leverage biohacking trends across cognitive health, metabolic wellness, recovery, longevity, and stress support categories.

Why Biohacking Is Reshaping the Supplement Industry

From Niche Movement to Mainstream Wellness Trend

The concept of biohacking has evolved from a niche movement into a mainstream wellness trend. What began among technology enthusiasts, athletes, and longevity advocates has expanded into a broader consumer desire for greater control over health outcomes.

Consumers Are Seeking Health Optimization

Today’s consumers are not simply looking to address nutritional deficiencies. Instead, they are actively seeking products that help them improve performance, support long-term wellness, and optimize daily function. As a result, supplement brands are increasingly developing products that align with biohacking principles.

While the methods vary, the underlying goal remains consistent: helping individuals function at their best.

Opportunities Across Supplement Categories

This shift is creating opportunities across nearly every supplement category. Energy, cognitive health, healthy aging, sleep, stress management, metabolic wellness, gut health, and recovery products are all benefiting from growing consumer interest in optimization.

For supplement brands, understanding how consumers define and pursue biohacking can provide valuable insight into future product development opportunities.

What Is Biohacking?

Biohacking is the practice of using nutrition, dietary supplements, lifestyle interventions, health data, and technology to optimize physical and mental performance. While approaches vary, the primary goal is to improve how the body functions by making intentional, measurable changes that support health, energy, cognition, recovery, sleep, metabolism, and longevity.

In recent years, biohacking has evolved from a niche concept among athletes, entrepreneurs, and technology enthusiasts into a mainstream wellness movement. Today, consumers use wearable devices, health-tracking applications, continuous glucose monitors, sleep trackers, and personalized health data to better understand their bodies and make more informed wellness decisions.

What Are Biohacking Supplements?

Biohacking supplements are products formulated to support specific optimization goals rather than simply address nutrient deficiencies. These products often contain ingredients that support mitochondrial function, cognitive performance, stress resilience, healthy aging, metabolic wellness, recovery, sleep quality, and overall vitality.

Unlike traditional wellness supplements that may focus on general health maintenance, biohacking supplements are typically positioned around measurable outcomes. Consumers often seek products that help them improve focus, increase energy, enhance recovery, support healthy aging, optimize metabolic function, or promote better sleep.

Why Biohacking Matters to Supplement Brands

The biohacking movement reflects a larger shift toward proactive health management and personalized wellness. Consumers increasingly want solutions that help them perform better today while supporting long-term health goals.

As a result, biohacking has become one of the most influential trends affecting supplement innovation. Brands that understand consumer optimization goals can develop products that align with growing demand for cognitive health supplements, longevity supplements, nootropics, adaptogens, recovery supplements, sleep support products, metabolic health solutions, and personalized nutrition strategies.

Key Takeaway

Biohacking is not a single product category. Rather, it is a consumer mindset focused on health optimization, performance, recovery, and longevity.

Popular Biohacking Supplement Categories

Biohacking is not a single product category. Instead, it is a consumer mindset centered on health optimization, performance, recovery, and longevity. As a result, consumers often build personalized wellness routines that combine multiple supplement categories to support specific goals.

For supplement brands, understanding these categories can help identify opportunities for product innovation and portfolio expansion.

Nootropic Supplements for Cognitive Performance

Nootropic supplements are designed to support focus, memory, mental clarity, productivity, and cognitive performance. As remote work, digital lifestyles, and information overload continue to shape daily life, consumers increasingly seek solutions that help them maintain mental sharpness throughout the day.

Popular ingredients include Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus), Alpha-GPC, citicoline, L-theanine, caffeine, phosphatidylserine, and Bacopa monnieri. Many brands position nootropic supplements around focus, mental energy, learning, and cognitive wellness.

Longevity Supplements for Healthy Aging

Longevity supplements have become one of the fastest-growing segments within the biohacking movement. Rather than focusing solely on lifespan, consumers are increasingly interested in healthspan—the number of years spent in good health, maintaining vitality, mobility, and cognitive function.

Popular ingredients include nicotinamide riboside (NR), CoQ10, PQQ, resveratrol, spermidine, fisetin, and various antioxidant compounds. These products are often positioned around cellular health, healthy aging, mitochondrial support, and long-term wellness.

Metabolic Health Supplements

Metabolic health has become a major focus area as consumers seek support for energy utilization, body composition, blood sugar balance, and overall wellness. Additionally, growing interest in continuous glucose monitoring and personalized nutrition has increased awareness of metabolic optimization.

Common ingredients include berberine, chromium, cinnamon extract, alpha-lipoic acid, green tea extract, and fiber-based ingredients. Brands often position these products around metabolic wellness, energy metabolism, and healthy lifestyle support.

Sleep Support Supplements

Many biohackers view sleep as one of the most important foundations of health optimization. Consequently, sleep support supplements have evolved beyond simple melatonin products into more sophisticated formulations designed to support relaxation, recovery, and restorative sleep.

Popular ingredients include magnesium, L-theanine, melatonin, apigenin, valerian root, lemon balm, and adaptogenic botanicals. Consumers often seek products that support healthy sleep routines while fitting into broader wellness and recovery strategies.

Adaptogenic Supplements for Stress Resilience

Modern consumers face increasing physical, emotional, and mental stressors. Therefore, adaptogenic supplements have become a core category within biohacking and wellness optimization.

Adaptogens are botanicals traditionally used to support the body’s response to stress and promote resilience. Common ingredients include ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Rhodiola rosea, holy basil, eleuthero, and schisandra. These products are frequently positioned around stress management, balance, focus, and overall well-being.

Recovery & Performance Supplements

Recovery supplements help support the body’s ability to recover from physical activity, daily stress, and demanding lifestyles. While athletes remain a key audience, recovery-focused products increasingly appeal to everyday consumers seeking sustained energy and wellness.

Popular ingredients include creatine monohydrate, magnesium, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), electrolytes, tart cherry extract, curcumin, and protein-based ingredients. Brands often position these products around recovery, performance, resilience, and active lifestyles.

Gut Health & Microbiome Support

Gut health has become an increasingly important component of biohacking because consumers recognize the connection between digestion, immunity, metabolism, and overall wellness. As research into the microbiome continues to expand, demand for gut health supplements remains strong.

Common ingredients include probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, digestive enzymes, fiber blends, and fermented ingredients. Many consumers incorporate gut health products into broader wellness optimization routines that support multiple aspects of health.

Key Takeaway

The most successful biohacking supplement brands often focus on specific optimization goals while recognizing that consumers frequently combine multiple product categories to create personalized wellness routines.

This creates opportunities for brands to develop complementary product systems that support cognition, recovery, sleep, metabolic health, healthy aging, and overall health optimization.

Understanding the Difference: Biohacking vs. Longevity vs. Healthy Aging

The terms biohacking, longevity, and healthy aging are often used interchangeably. However, they represent distinct concepts that appeal to different consumer motivations and purchasing behaviors.

Healthy aging focuses on maintaining physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being throughout life. Longevity builds upon that foundation by emphasizing strategies that may help extend healthspan and support long-term vitality.

Biohacking, meanwhile, encompasses both healthy aging and longevity while adding a broader focus on optimization, performance, personalization, and measurable outcomes.

For supplement brands, understanding these distinctions is important because each category creates different product development opportunities, messaging strategies, and target audiences.

Healthy Aging Focuses on Maintaining Function

Healthy aging products are generally designed to help consumers maintain quality of life as they grow older. These products often support mobility, bone health, cardiovascular wellness, cognitive function, and overall vitality.

Consumers interested in healthy aging are typically focused on staying active, independent, and healthy for as long as possible. As a result, healthy aging formulations often emphasize maintenance, prevention, and everyday wellness support.

Longevity Focuses on Extending Healthspan

Longevity products are designed around the concept of healthspan—the number of years spent living in good health. Consumers interested in longevity often seek science-backed strategies that support cellular health, mitochondrial function, metabolic wellness, cognitive resilience, and healthy aging.

As longevity research continues to gain mainstream attention, consumers increasingly look for ingredients associated with healthy aging, cellular energy production, and long-term wellness outcomes.

Biohacking Focuses on Health Optimization

Biohacking is broader than either healthy aging or longevity. Biohackers often seek ways to optimize how they feel and perform today while simultaneously supporting long-term health goals.

Rather than focusing solely on aging outcomes, biohacking consumers frequently pursue improvements in energy, cognition, sleep quality, stress resilience, recovery, metabolic health, productivity, and overall performance.

Many also use wearable devices, health-tracking applications, continuous glucose monitors, sleep trackers, and personalized nutrition programs to evaluate progress and adjust their wellness routines.

As a result, biohacking supplements are often positioned around measurable outcomes, personalized wellness, and proactive health optimization.

Why Biohacking Creates Broad Opportunities for Supplement Brands

From a product development perspective, biohacking provides a larger innovation platform than either longevity or healthy aging alone. While longevity products typically focus on healthy aging, cellular health, and healthspan, biohacking products may address multiple categories simultaneously.

This allows supplement brands to develop product ecosystems that support:

  • Cognitive performance
  • Energy production
  • Sleep optimization
  • Stress resilience
  • Metabolic health
  • Gut health
  • Recovery and performance
  • Healthy aging
  • Longevity

Consequently, biohacking has become one of the most influential trends shaping supplement innovation and personalized wellness strategies.

Comparison Chart of Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Biohacking

Category Healthy Aging Longevity Biohacking
Primary Goal Maintain health and function with age Extend healthspan and support long-term vitality Optimize performance, wellness, and long-term health
Consumer Mindset Wellness-focused Science-driven and preventative Data-driven, proactive, and optimization-focused
Primary Time Horizon Long-term Long-term Immediate and long-term
Typical Consumer Questions How can I stay healthy as I age? How can I support healthy aging and healthspan? How can I improve performance and optimize health?
Focus Areas Mobility, cognition, heart health, bone health Cellular health, mitochondria, healthy aging, metabolic wellness Energy, cognition, sleep, recovery, metabolism, longevity
Use of Health Tracking Limited Moderate High
Personalized Nutrition Interest Moderate High Very High
Use of Wearable Technology Limited Moderate High
Product Positioning Wellness support Healthy aging and longevity support Health optimization and performance support
Common Ingredient Categories Joint health, bone health, omega-3s, multivitamins NAD+ precursors, CoQ10, antioxidants, mitochondrial support Nootropics, adaptogens, longevity ingredients, metabolic health ingredients, sleep support, recovery supplements
Product Ecosystem Potential Moderate High Very High
Growth Opportunity for Brands Strong Strong Highest

Key Takeaway

Healthy aging focuses on maintaining function, longevity focuses on extending healthspan, and biohacking focuses on optimizing performance, wellness, recovery, and long-term health outcomes.

While these categories overlap significantly, biohacking represents the broadest consumer trend and offers the greatest opportunity for supplement brands to develop innovative, multi-category product portfolios.

How Consumer Health Optimization Is Driving Supplement Innovation

Consumers have unprecedented access to health information. At the same time, wearable devices, health-tracking apps, continuous glucose monitors, and at-home testing services are making wellness increasingly measurable.

Consequently, many consumers are shifting away from reactive healthcare and toward proactive health management.

The Shift Toward Proactive Wellness

Rather than asking, “How can I feel better when something is wrong?” many consumers now ask:

  • How can I improve my energy levels?
  • How can I optimize sleep quality?
  • How can I support cognitive performance?
  • How can I improve recovery?
  • How can I maintain health as I age?
  • How can I better manage stress?

These questions align directly with the biohacking mindset.

What This Means for Supplement Brands

For supplement brands, this trend creates opportunities to position products around optimization goals rather than broad wellness categories. Consumers increasingly connect with formulations that address specific functional outcomes and fit into larger wellness routines.

Additionally, biohacking consumers often become highly engaged customers. They frequently research ingredients, follow wellness experts, track health metrics, and invest in premium products when they believe those products support their goals.

Common Consumer Optimization Goals

Consumer Goal Product Categories Common Ingredients Key Consumer Outcomes
Energy & Vitality Mitochondrial support, adaptogens, cellular energy formulas CoQ10, PQQ, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, NR, B vitamins Sustained energy, reduced fatigue, daily performance
Mental Performance Nootropics, cognitive health, focus formulas Lion’s Mane, Alpha-GPC, Citicoline, Bacopa, L-Theanine Focus, memory, productivity, mental clarity
Stress Resilience Adaptogens, mood support, nervous system support Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, Holy Basil, Magnesium Stress management, resilience, emotional well-being
Sleep Optimization Relaxation formulas, nighttime support, recovery products Magnesium, L-Theanine, Melatonin, Apigenin, Tart Cherry Better sleep quality, recovery, relaxation
Recovery & Performance Sports nutrition, hydration, active lifestyle formulas Creatine, Electrolytes, Magnesium, Tart Cherry, Protein Recovery, endurance, strength, physical performance
Longevity & Healthy Aging Cellular health, healthy aging, healthspan support NR, CoQ10, PQQ, Astaxanthin, Spermidine Healthy aging, vitality, cellular wellness
Metabolic Health Blood sugar support, weight management, metabolic wellness Berberine, Chromium, Cinnamon Extract, Fiber Metabolic efficiency, glucose support, body composition
Gut Health & Microbiome Support Digestive health, microbiome support, synbiotics Probiotics, Prebiotics, Postbiotics, Digestive Enzymes Digestive wellness, microbiome balance, immunity
Beauty & Wellness Optimization Beauty-from-within, collagen, skin health Collagen Peptides, Hyaluronic Acid, Astaxanthin Skin appearance, hair, nails, healthy aging
Hormonal & Whole-Body Wellness Hormone support, vitality, endocrine wellness Ashwagandha, Magnesium, Adaptogenic Botanicals Balance, energy, resilience, overall wellness

Key Takeaway

Consumers increasingly evaluate supplements based on how they contribute to measurable wellness outcomes rather than general health claims.

Trending Biohacking Ingredients

Many of the most popular biohacking ingredients support foundational areas of health such as mitochondrial function, cellular energy production, cognitive performance, stress adaptation, microbiome balance, and recovery.

Furthermore, these ingredients are frequently combined into synergistic formulations that address multiple wellness objectives simultaneously.

For supplement brands, understanding which ingredients are driving consumer interest can help inform product development, positioning, and innovation strategies.

The following ingredients represent some of the most widely used and commercially relevant compounds currently shaping the biohacking supplement market.

Ingredient Primary Category Primary Benefits Common Applications Typical Consumers
Creatine Monohydrate Performance & Recovery Strength, power output, muscle recovery, brain energy Sports nutrition, cognitive support, healthy aging Athletes, active adults, cognitive wellness consumers
Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) Cognitive Performance Focus, memory, mental clarity, neurogenesis support Nootropics, brain health, productivity formulas Professionals, students, healthy aging consumers
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Stress Resilience Stress management, mood support, recovery, resilience Adaptogen formulas, stress support, sleep support Broad wellness consumers
Magnesium (Glycinate, Threonate, Citrate) Sleep & Recovery Relaxation, sleep quality, muscle function, cognitive support Sleep formulas, recovery products, stress support General wellness consumers
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Longevity & Energy Cellular energy production, mitochondrial support, cardiovascular health Healthy aging, energy, heart health products Healthy aging consumers
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) Longevity NAD+ support, cellular energy, healthy aging Longevity supplements, healthy aging formulas Biohackers, longevity-focused consumers
Berberine Metabolic Health Glucose metabolism, metabolic wellness, cardiovascular support Metabolic health, weight management, healthy aging Wellness and metabolic health consumers
Alpha-GPC Cognitive Performance Focus, memory, learning, cognitive processing Nootropic products, productivity formulas Students, professionals, gamers
L-Theanine Cognitive & Stress Support Calm focus, relaxation, attention support Nootropics, sleep products, stress support Broad wellness consumers
Rhodiola rosea Adaptogenic Support Mental resilience, physical endurance, fatigue support Energy formulas, stress support, performance products Active and high-performance consumers
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) Mitochondrial Health Cellular energy, mitochondrial support, cognitive wellness Longevity and energy formulations Biohackers and healthy aging consumers
Citicoline (CDP-Choline) Cognitive Performance Memory, focus, attention, mental energy Nootropics and brain health products Professionals and cognitive wellness consumers
Astaxanthin Healthy Aging Antioxidant support, cellular protection, recovery Healthy aging, beauty-from-within, active lifestyle products Healthy aging and wellness consumers
Probiotics Gut Health Microbiome support, digestive wellness, immune support Gut health, immunity, whole-body wellness products Mainstream wellness consumers
Tart Cherry Extract Recovery & Sleep Recovery support, exercise recovery, sleep quality Active nutrition, recovery, sleep support products Athletes and active adults

Key Takeaway

The most successful biohacking ingredients are not necessarily those tied to a single benefit. Instead, they support multiple interconnected aspects of health optimization, allowing brands to develop products that align with consumer demand for performance, resilience, recovery, and long-term wellness.

How Biohacking Supplements Work

Although biohacking encompasses many approaches, supplement formulations typically focus on supporting key biological systems that influence performance and resilience.

Supporting Cellular Energy Production

One major area involves cellular energy production. Mitochondria generate the energy required for virtually every physiological process. Therefore, ingredients that support mitochondrial function have become popular among consumers focused on vitality and healthy aging.

Optimizing Stress Resilience

Another important focus area is stress resilience. Modern lifestyles expose consumers to significant physical and mental stressors. As a result, adaptogens and stress-support ingredients continue to gain traction.

Enhancing Cognitive Performance

Cognitive performance represents another rapidly growing segment. Consumers increasingly seek support for focus, productivity, memory, and mental clarity, particularly in professional and high-performance environments.

Improving Sleep Quality and Recovery

Sleep optimization has also become a cornerstone of biohacking. Research continues to highlight sleep’s role in recovery, metabolic health, cognitive function, and overall wellness. Consequently, sleep-support formulations are becoming increasingly sophisticated.

Supporting Healthy Aging and Longevity

Finally, longevity has emerged as a central theme throughout the biohacking movement. Consumers are actively exploring nutritional strategies that support healthy aging, cellular health, and long-term vitality.

Key Takeaway

Successful biohacking products often address multiple interconnected wellness systems rather than focusing on a single outcome.

Market Trends Driving Biohacking Supplement Growth

Consumer interest in optimization continues to influence supplement innovation. According to McKinsey’s Future of Wellness research, consumers increasingly prioritize proactive health management and personalized wellness solutions.

Additionally, growing adoption of health tracking technologies has encouraged greater interest in measurable wellness outcomes.

Healthy Aging & Longevity Continue to Gain Momentum

Meanwhile, healthy aging remains one of the fastest-growing areas within the supplement industry. Consumers are becoming more interested in supporting healthspan — the quality of life during aging — rather than focusing exclusively on lifespan.

Growing Awareness Is Shaping Consumer Expectations

The popularity of podcasts, social media experts, physicians, and longevity researchers has further accelerated awareness of advanced wellness concepts. As a result, consumers often arrive with substantial ingredient knowledge and higher expectations regarding product transparency and efficacy.

Why This Category Is Growing

  • Greater interest in preventative health
  • Increased use of wearable health technology
  • Rising focus on longevity and healthy aging
  • Growing awareness of sleep and recovery
  • Demand for personalized wellness approaches
  • Increased consumer education around nutrition science

Key Takeaway

Biohacking represents a broader shift toward proactive health optimization that is likely to continue influencing supplement purchasing behavior for years to come.

Flavoring & Sensory Experience

Consumers increasingly expect biohacking supplements to deliver both functionality and an enjoyable user experience.

Many optimization-focused formulations contain ingredients that introduce bitterness, earthiness, or astringency. Therefore, flavor development plays an important role in long-term product success.

Important Sensory Considerations

  • Botanical taste masking
  • Mushroom flavor management
  • Mouthfeel optimization
  • Sweetener system selection
  • Flavor stability throughout shelf life
  • Premium sensory positioning

Products that successfully balance efficacy with sensory appeal often experience stronger repeat purchase rates and customer retention.

Strategic Opportunities for Supplement Brands

Biohacking is fundamentally changing how consumers evaluate health products. Rather than purchasing supplements solely for wellness maintenance, consumers increasingly seek products that help them optimize specific aspects of daily performance and long-term health.

This trend presents significant opportunities for supplement brands willing to innovate.

Focus on Outcomes, Not Just Ingredients

Brands can develop products focused on cognitive wellness, stress resilience, healthy aging, recovery, sleep optimization, metabolic health, gut health, or energy support.

Furthermore, creating systems of products that support a broader wellness journey may help improve customer retention and lifetime value.

Build Trust Through Science and Transparency

The most successful biohacking-focused brands often combine three key elements: scientific credibility, transparent communication, and exceptional user experience.

Turning Trends Into Scalable Products

At Intermountain Nutrition, we help supplement brands transform emerging consumer trends into scalable commercial products.

From ingredient selection and formulation strategy to manufacturing and quality testing, our team supports brands seeking to develop innovative products that align with evolving consumer expectations.

Positioning for Future Growth

As demand for optimization-focused wellness solutions continues to grow, supplement brands that embrace biohacking principles may be well positioned to capture future market opportunities.

Work with Intermountain Nutrition

Interested in developing a biohacking-inspired supplement line? Contact Intermountain Nutrition to explore custom formulation and manufacturing solutions designed for today’s wellness-focused consumers.

Frequently Asked Questions

A biohacking supplement is typically formulated to support specific wellness optimization goals such as energy production, cognitive performance, sleep quality, recovery, stress resilience, metabolic health, or healthy aging. Unlike traditional supplements that may focus on general nutrition, biohacking products are often positioned around measurable outcomes and proactive health management.

Consumers frequently incorporate these products into broader wellness routines that include exercise, nutrition, sleep optimization, and health tracking technologies.

Consumers are increasingly interested in taking a proactive approach to health. At the same time, wearable technology and personalized health data have made wellness more measurable than ever before.

As a result, many consumers seek products that help support specific health goals rather than broad wellness benefits. This shift has contributed significantly to the growth of biohacking-focused products.

Cognitive health, healthy aging, sleep support, stress management, metabolic wellness, recovery, gut health, and energy support categories are all benefiting from increased interest in health optimization.

Many successful products combine multiple functional benefits to support broader wellness objectives while appealing to consumers seeking comprehensive solutions.

Biohacking consumers often prioritize ingredient transparency, clinical research, premium quality, and clearly defined outcomes. They are frequently highly educated and spend considerable time researching products before making purchasing decisions.

Consequently, brands that emphasize science, quality, and transparency often resonate strongly with this audience.

Brands can focus on developing products that support measurable wellness outcomes while incorporating clinically studied ingredients and transparent positioning. Additionally, premium sensory experiences, innovative delivery formats, and strong educational content can help differentiate products in competitive markets.

Success often comes from aligning product development with consumer goals rather than simply following ingredient trends.

References

Callaghan, S., Doner, H., Medalsy, J., Pione, A., & Teichner, W. (2024). The trends defining the $1.8 trillion global wellness market in 2024. McKinsey & Company.

Council for Responsible Nutrition. (2024). 2024 CRN Consumer Survey on Dietary Supplements.

Council for Responsible Nutrition. (2024). CRN survey shows consistent supplement usage with increase of specialty product use over time.

International Food Information Council. (2024). 2024 IFIC Food & Health Survey.

Grand View Research. (2026). Dietary Supplements Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report, 2026–2033.

Grand View Research. (2024). U.S. Personalized Nutrition & Supplements Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report, 2024–2030.

National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). Healthy Aging and Longevity. National Institutes of Health.

National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). What Do We Know About Healthy Aging? National Institutes of Health.

World Health Organization. (n.d.). WHO’s Work on the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030).

National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. (2024). Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2023). Ashwagandha: Usefulness and Safety.

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2024). Coenzyme Q10.

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2024). Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety.

Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D. S., Antonio, J., et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 18.

Martens, C. R., Denman, B. A., Mazzo, M. R., et al. (2018). Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nature Communications, 9, 1286.

Saitsu, Y., Nishide, A., Kikushima, K., et al. (2019). Improvement of cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus. Biomedical Research, 40(4), 125–131.

Liu, D., Zhao, H., Zhang, Y., Hu, J., & Xu, H. (2025). Efficacy and safety of berberine on the components of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Frontiers in Pharmacology.

Farah, B. Q., et al. (2024). Keeping Pace with Wearables: A Living Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews Evaluating the Accuracy of Consumer Wearable Technologies. Sports Medicine.

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